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Combat knife
A combat knife or assault knife is a fighting knife designed solely for military use and primarily intended for hand-to-hand or close combat fighting.〔Peterson, Harold L., ''Daggers and Fighting Knives of the Western World'', Courier Dover Publications, ISBN 0-486-41743-3, ISBN 978-0-486-41743-1 (2001), p. 80: "Right at the outset trench knives were introduced by both sides during World War I, so that the common soldier was once again equipped with a knife designed primarily for combat."〕〔Burton, Walter E., ''Knives For Fighting Men'', Popular Science, July 1944, Vol. 145 No. 1, p. 150: A combat knife is specifically designed for military use, and is thus a more restrictive category than that of a fighting knife or tactical knife, either of which may include knives designed for civilian use. Thus, a bowie knife designed for civilian sale and use may be termed a fighting knife, but not a ''combat knife'', while the U.S. Army's M3 trench knife, designed specifically for the military for close-quarters fighting, is both a combat knife and a fighting knife.〕〔''Catalog of Standard Ordnance Items'', Washington, D.C: U.S. Army Ordnance Publications (1943)〕
Since the end of trench warfare, most military combat knives have been secondarily designed for utility use (clearing foliage, chopping branches for cover, opening ammunition crates, etc.) in addition to their original role as close-quarter combat weapons, and may be referred to as "fighting-utility knives." On the other hand, military knives that are intended primarily for use in a role other than combat are typically referred to by their primary role, such as "utility knife" or "survival knife".
==History==
Daggers designed for military usage in close combat engagements have been carried by soldiers for thousands of years. The adoption of combat daggers made of iron was a significant milestone in combat knife development, and such weapons were highly prized in the ancient armies of the Middle East.〔Wise, Terence, and McBride, Angus, ''Ancient Armies of the Middle East'', London: Osprey Publishing, ISBN 0-85045-384-4 (1981), p. 24〕 French and Italian military daggers of the 14th century were the first to introduce the acutely tapered, sharply pointed and double-edged blade as a response to improvements made in armor design and the need to exploit weaknesses in armor protection.〔 The English and Scandinavians introduced a combat knife known as the "bollock dagger" into military service around 1350,〔Walker (1993) p. 28〕 while the French poignard and the Scottish dirk were daggers designed from the outset as military weapons.
The rise in use of firearms led to a decline in the use of combat daggers and knives as military-issue weapons. However, privately purchased knives were often carried by foot soldiers for use both as auxiliary weapons and as utility tools. Some military forces issued knives for individual campaigns or for specialist troops such as pioneer or field engineer detachments, but these cutting tools were not primarily designed for use as combat knives.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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